Type-writing machine



(No Model.) 5 SheetS--Sheet 1.

J. W. SGHUOKERS.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 441,257. Patented NOV.25, 1890.

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(No-Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. W. SOHUOKERS. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Nov. 25, 189'0.

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FE J V l v Q I nventor' witnesses .5 Sheets--Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

J. W. SGHUOKERS. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 441,257. Patented Nov. 25, 1890.

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7 (No Model.) 5 SheetsSheet 5.

J. W. UCKERS.

TYPE W e MACHINE.

Np. 441,257. Patented Nov. 25, 1890.

Inventor UNITED STATES PATENT Or -mos.

JACOBS IV. SCHUOKERS, OF NEYVARK, NE\V JERSEY, ASSIGNOR' TO THE ESSEXTYPEVRITER COMPANY, OF VEST YIRGINIA.

TYPE-=WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 441,257, dated November25, 1890.

Application filed July 2, 1889. Serial No. 316,308. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J AOOBS W. SCHUOKERS, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city of Newark, county of Essex, and State ofNew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inType-Whiting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is the production of an inexpensive, simple,and durable type-writing machine; and to such end my inventioncomprehends certain improved devices and combinations of devices, whichtogether constitute an organized machine of novel character, a good formof a convenient embodiment of which is represented in the accompanyingdrawings and hereinafter described, the particular subject-matterclaimed as novel being hereinafter definitely specified.

The machine shown as embodying my invention was designed as animprovement upon the type-writing machine shown in my application,Serial No. 310,393, filed May 11,1889; and the invention consists inpart of improvements upon that machine, the present machine beingsimpler, especiallyin that the keys themselves constitute the deflectingtravelers and operate directly upon the shaft, and this feature I claimindependently of any special manner in which the keys engage thepositionplates upon the shaft during the rotating and locking movement.The shaft deflecting and locking operation of the present machine,however, is essentially different from that of my prior application. Theposition-plate in the present case is moved into parallelism with theengaging surface of the key when the type-wheel shaft is rotated to thedesired position, and during the further impression movement of the keythe position-plate is in engagement therewith and parallel thereto, sothat the shaft and type-wheel are thus locked in position during theimpression movement. This construction and operation of the shaft andmember by which the shaft is operated are evidently applicable to otherforms of machines than that shown in my prior application and in thepresent case, and this construction forms a part of my inventionindependently of the special form of ma-- chine to which it is applied,and whether the key or some part operated thereby engages theposition-plate.

In the drawings, Figure l is a top plan View of a machine embodyingmyinvention. Fig. 2 is a front elevational View of the platen and itstension and feed rollers removed from the platcncarrier. Fig. 3 is asimilar view of the platen-carrier removed from its ways. Fig. i is aright-hand end elevational view of the platen as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5is a side elevational view of one of the position-plates removed fromthe shaft. Fig. 6 is a face elevational view of said plate. Fig. 7 is afragmentary perspective detail of a portion of the wheel-shaft, togetherwith a portion of its series of separate or independent position-plateswhich correspond in number with the number of the keys, and each ofwhich plates is fixed to said shaft and the face of each of which is aplane, but which are all set at different angles. Fig. 8 is a transversesectional elevational view of the machine represented in Fig. 1 in theplane of the dotted line a; 00 upon said figure, and sight being takenin the direction of the arrows upon said lines, the views showing thenormal position of rest of the parts represented. Fig. 8 is a detail ofthe shift ing-keys. Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8, except thatinstead of showing the position of rest of all parts represented itshows the position of such parts after the depression of a key, theconsequent deflection of the wheel shaft, and the advance of the hammer.Figs. 10 and 11 are fragmentary sectional plans in a central horizontalplane through the pawlcarrier, base-bar of the platen-carrier, andcarrier-way, especially illustrative of the rack and-pawl connectionbetween the platen-carrier and the pawl-carrier. I11 Fig. 10 thereisillustrated the position of the pawl before its action to advance theplaten-carrier, and in Fig. 11 its position at the time of itscompletion of such advance. Fig. 12 isaright-hand end elevational viewof the machine of Fig. 1, a portion of the type-wheel and platen-carrierbeing broken away to exhibit the application of the types of the rimofthe type-wheel, which rim, as well as a portion of the platen, is shownin section, and to ex'hibitalso theham- I00 mer-slide. Fig. 13 is atransverse sectional elevational view especially illustrative of theshaft-' returning plate and the devices by which it is mounted andoperates.

Similar letters of reference indicate corre sponding parts.

The frame-work of the machine is conveniently composed of abed or baseplate A, from which are erected two parallel transverse end frame-platesA A being standards, which serve to support the entire mechanism of themachine. The left-hand frame-plate A in the construction shown ispreferably located at the extreme left-hand end of the bed or base plateA, and the right-hand frame-plate A about midway between the center andtheright-hand end of said base-plate. The frameplates, which arepreferably counterpart, are preferably also cast webs, of the form shownin Fig. 13, screwed or otherwise suitably connected with the base-plate.

The two end frame-plates and the baseplate in conjunction with certaintransverse ly-extending rails, hereinafter referred to, preferablyconstitute the entire frame-work of the machine, which, as will beapparent, is exceedingly simple and inexpensive.

The types 12 of the machine are arranged in circumferential series uponand preferably project from the periphery of a type-wheel B, to whichmovement of partial rotation in either direction is imparted, in orderto bring a particular type in front of a platen 0 disposed inapproximate tangency to said typewheel. The type-wheel is,in a mannerhereinafter described, mounted conveniently, but not necessarily, to theright side of the right end frame-plate A upon the projecting extremityof a shaft, which I term the wheeh shaft 1), which extendslongitudinally of the machine in a horizontal plane, and has itsbearings in the two frame-plates, through both of which it passes. It isobvious that rotary movement imparted to the wheel-shaft will likewisebe imparted to the type-wheel, which is fixed thereon to rotatetherewith, and that according to the extent and direction of the saidrotary movement of the shaft will be the movement of the wheel.

The organization so far as described is essen-- tially that of my formermachine. The movement of the shaft and wheel is, however, in thismachine directly controlled by the movement of the keys, of which anysuitable series is employed, and all of which serve to impart a movementto said shaft and Wheel. The keys are arranged in two parallel rows,banks, or tiers, of which those in the front row are designated by theletters D to D inclusive, while those in the back row are designated bythe letters I) to D inclusive. It is to be understood thatI have in theaccompanying drawings represented but eight keys 'in each tier simplyfor the sake .of clearer illustration, and that any desired number ofsuch keys may in each tier be employed. As

the keys of both tiers are alike, a description of one will besufficient. Selecting, then, key D, (shown in Figs. 8 and 9,) the keyconsists of a flat vertically-disposed bar, to which the letter D isapplied, which is a blank of metal of the form shown in the drawingssurmounted by a finger-knob, the upper face or pressingsurface of whichis provided with a letter, number, or other character correspondent tothe type which said key controls, and which is mounted for verticalmovement in slots, ways, or bearings e, formed, respectively, in anupper and a lower key-rail E E which respectively extend in parallelhorizontal planes between the frame-plates of the frame-work, with whichplates their outer ends are respectively connected. The key-rails areconveniently flat bars or plates of metal pierced at stated intervals byopenings, being the ways or bearings e for the keys, and which areconnected with the frame-plates in any preferred manner. All of the keysof each tier are essential counterparts, their front and back edgesbeing straight and parallel with each other inorder not only to securetheir accurate mounting with respect to their bearings, but also theiraccurate action with respect to their respective position-plates, ashereinafter set forth. Each key is formed or provided with a projectinglug, which I term the key-lug d, and it should be remarked that the lugsof the keys of the front tier proj ect from the back edges of said keys,while those of the keys of the rear tier project from the front edges ofsaid keys, and which serves by abutting beneath the upper key-rail tolimit the upward traverse of the key-action occasioned by the expandingstress of a spiral or other suitable lifting-spring, which I term thekey-spring 01 which encircles the key, and which is interposed betweenthe upper face of the lower key-rail, and a stop (1 formed upon orapplied to the key. The keylug serves, also, in the last part of thedownward thrust of traverse of the key to encounter and depress ahorizontally-extending bail f, common to the lugs of the keys of bothtiers, and operative in connection with and springing from ahorizontally-extending hammer rock-shaft F, j ournaled in theframe-plates, the outer right-hand extremity of which shaft is equippedwith a rocker-toe f, which imparts the strikingimpetus to the hammer-slide G, as hereinafter explained. The bail f is conveniently formedas a stiff wire running between the tiers of keys in parallelism withthe hamof any key occasioning the depression of the rocker-rod, and theforward rotation of the V {I l rock-shaft, will consequently occasionthe lift of the rocker-toe f, which projects backwardly from near oneend of said shaft.

It being the office of a key when depressed to occasion, as stated, agiven rotation of the wheel-shaft and type-wheel, that rotation isaccomplished, not, as in my former machine, through the intervention ofa traveler, but by the direct contact of an edge of said key, andpreferably an edge of that portion thereof which in the downwardmovement of the key projects beneath the lower key-rail with aposition-plate upon the wheel-shaft adjusted as to longitudinaldisposition thereupon in such manner as to register with said key.

The wheel-shaft is provided with a series of preferably fiat-faced lugs,plates, or bars,

which I term the position-plates b which are all carried by and fixedlyconnected with said shaft, each of which is in effect a fiattenedperipheral port-ion or attachment of said shaft, all of which are withinthe range of the movement of the keys which respectively register withthem, and each of which in the construction illustrated, wherein theshaft is of smalldiameter, is extended in the form of a tangentialplate, adapted to present to the acting edge of the key a broadbearing-surface, the edge, as the key is depressed, moving intoencounter with said plate and turning it until it comes to a close andfirm bearing upon said plate on both sides of the axis of the shaft, asshown in Fig. 9.

A convenient form of position-plate is shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 of thedrawings, in theapplication of which connection with the shaft iseffected by set-screws b". The positionplates in the constructionrepresented are arranged in two series corresponding, respectively, withthe two tiers of the keys, the faces of the plates'of the one seriesfacing the rear edges of the keys of the front tier, while the faces ofthe plates of the other series face the front edges of the keys of theback tier. All.

of the plates are set at different angles, the inclination of the faceof any given plate differing from that of the face of every other plate.Such being the fact, and the platestriking edges of the keys being all,as shown, parallel, and the keys of either tierlying in the sameVertical plane, it will be apparent that no one of the position-plates,of course,in the normal set of the type-wheel and wheel-shaft occupyinga position parallel with the striking-edge of its key, but all occupyingpositions at their upper edges inclined away from their respectivekeys-each key in its descent will encounter its own position-plate, willcome to a bearing thereupon by deflecting said plate into parallelismwith its own platestriking edge, will consequently, in so doing causethe wheel shaft and type-wheel to assume a different positioncircumferentially considered, and will, therefore, occasion thepresentation to the platen of a given type upon the periphery 'of thewheel. The inclination of the face of each position-plate isintentionally such as in'the en: counter of the key operating inconnection with such plate will occasion such a rotation of thewheel-shaft and type-wheel as will bring into position opposite theplaten the letter, number, or character upon said wheel whichcorresponds to the letter, number, or character'unon the key operatingin connection with said position-plate. The types preferably extendcircumferentially over a segment of from ninety to one hundred and fiftydegrees, and but a comparatively short rotation of the wheel willtherefore be required to bring any particular type into position, and inconsequence thereof the required inclinations of the Variousposition-plates will be correspondingly small, as will be apparent froman inspection of Fig. 7 of the drawings. Of course,in practice theinclinations will be very much less than those shown in the drawings,which are more or less exaggerated the better to illustrate the idea.

It will of course be apparent that it is not essential to my inventionthat two tiers of keys should be employed, for a machine may beorganized to possess either one tier or, under obvious modifications ofarrangement, three or more tiers. lVhere, however, two tiers areemployed, the general trend of the position-plates operative with thekeys of the front tier is such that when such keys are operated forwardrotation of the type-wheel will be imparted, while the general trend ofthe position-plates operative withthe keys of the rear tier is such thatwhen such keys are depressed backward rotation of the wheel will result.The depression of any key will,l1owever, as stated, occasion a givenrotation either forward or backward of the type-Wheel.

The return of the type-wheel to a given normal set or position of restwith reference to the platen is conveniently accomplished either byloading the wheel, as is common in this class of machines, or, as shownin Fig. 13, by applying an automatically-acting spring -advancedshaft-returning plate 13*, which is mounted upon a stem B, controlled bya spring B and housed like a key in bearings in the key-rails, and theface of whichis adapted to encounter a supplemental positionplate 13upon the shaft and maintain such plateinapredetermined position of rest.The spring of the plate B is of course weak enough to be overcome by thekey-action.

The type-wheel B is, as stated, provided as to a portion of itsperipheral face with radially-projecting types 19 which are caused tomake their impress upon the paper or other material upon the face of theplaten C by being pressed or forced from within radially outward againstthe same, conveniently by the action of a hammer g, connected with thehammer-slide G, hereinbefore referred to, which is set to strike againstthe back of the type from within or inside of the rim of the wheel, andso to force the type struck outwardl y and toward the platen. Thehammerslide G is mounted in a slide-bearing 'g, fixed against theoutside face of the right-hand frame-plate. the drawings, connected withthe rear extremity of its slide, while said slide itself is adapted tobe moved horizontally forward or back by a pawl-lever I, pivoted againstthe inside face of the right-hand frame-plate by a pivot 19, which leveris connected with said slide by a lever-pin 17 passing through anopening 19 in the frame-plate A, and is at its upper extremity adaptedto be encountered by the rocker-toe f of the hammer rock-shaft wheneversaid shaft is rocked either by the encounter of a key-lug d with itsbail or by the depression of a spacing-key D as hereinbefore set forth.The normal set of the hammer-and hammer-slide is such that the hammer isnormally back from the inside face of the rim of the Wheel, suchposition being conveniently effected by a retractingspring of anypreferred character, but being preferably effected by theplatenactuating devices hereinafter referred to.

As will be understood from a consideration of Figs. 8 and 0, by reasonof the lost motion between the key-lugs d and the bail f, the rock-shaftis not rotated, and the hammerslide consequently not advanced untilafter the lower extremity of a key has encountered, deflected, and, to acertain extent, slid past the face of its position-plate, and has, inconsequence, effected a given rotation of the typewheel. From thisrelationship of parts there necessarily results the bringing ofaparticular type into position with respect to the platen before thestriking of such type to make its impress, and the locking of thetype-Wheel in position during the impression movement.

In order that the types may be susceptible of a radially in-and-outmovement with respect to their carrying type-wheel, many modes ofmounting or attaching them may be resorted to. I find it convenient toform upon or apply to the external or peripheral face of the type-wheela band of rubber I), out of the substance of which are formed, or towhich are applied, the types b and to form one or more circumferentialopenings or slots, which I term han1mer-slots l)", entirely through therim of the wheel, so as to expose from within the said rim the back orunder face of said type-carrying band. Through the slot or slots soformed the striking extremity of the hammer in its striking movementpasses and come in contact with the rear face of said type-band, withthe result of forcing the portion of the band encountered, and the typewhich that port-ion of the band carries, forward against the platen.Upon the retraction of the hammer the band, which under its impulse wasbellied out, by virtue of its own elasticity, resumes its normal set. Ofcourse, iii-desired, the types may be otherwise applied, as wellunderstood in the art. In the application of the type-carrying rubberband I find it convenient to provide the wheel with The hammer g is, asshown in.

three parallel circumferential rows of types, inconnection with whichthe single hammer is. adapted by the lateral shifting of the wheel to doduty. This lateral or sidewise shifting of the wheel, in order to bringa given row of its types into range of contact with the hammer,

I can accomplish by the following devices, it being of course understoodthat the hammer is normally in range of one of the rows of type. andthat therefore but two sidewise shifts of different extent arerequisite.

S, Fig. 1, is a hollow sleeve snugly fitted upon and feathered withrespect to the Wheelshaft and keyed fast at its outer extremity to thetype-wheel. \Vhile, therefore, the wheel and sleeve are free to beshifted lengthwise of the shaft-that is to say, sidewise of thewheel-they are both compelled to rotate with said shaft, which is ineffect housed in its bearing in the righthand frame-plate through theintervention of said sleeve,'to which its bearing is conformed. Betweenthe wheel and the outside of the right-hand frame-plate is applied awheel-spring b ,which normally serves to maintain the Wheel far enoughto the right to present its left-hand row of types, which are thosemostfrequently used, to the action of the hammer. The shifts of thewheel are therefore inward or to the left hand, accompanied by thecompres- I sion of the wheel-spring, and accomplished by the contactagainst a lever-collar b on the inner end of the sleeve of ashift-inglever L, fulcrumed against the inside face of the frameplate Aand adapted to be encountered by either of two shifting-keys J J housedin the key-rails and having cam-surfaces j f, Fig. 8, of differentcontour, which, respectvI05 ively, upon the depression of theirrespective shifting-keys, effect lateral movements of dif- IOO ferentlength in said shifting-lever, and consequently, through its contactwith the levercollar on its sleeve, in said sleeve and in thetype-wheel. Other devices than the foregoing may of course be employedfor the same purpose. It is further obvious that upon the release andascent of the depressed shifting-key the wheel-spring will occasion thereturn of the shaft and type-wheel to their previous position, theincidental return of the lever with the shaft occasioning the elevationof the shifting-key, an action, however, that may be either aided or, infact, wholly performed by a lifting-spring applied to the shifting-key,similar to that shown in connection with the keys operating thetype-wheel. In the construction represented one of the shifting-keyswill bring the second hammer-slot of the type-wheel in range of thehammer, while the other key will bring the third slot in range of saidhammer, the first slot being, as stated, normally in range.

The foregoing arrangement of a series of parallel circumferential rowsof types upon the face of the type-wheel is one of convenience merely,and one which enables me to compress within the compass of a short areof the type-wheel a large number of types. Of course, if desired, moreor less than three rows of type may be employed, and obviously a singlerow will effectuate the invention, although it will necessitate longrotary throws of the type-wheel.

In order, if desired, to provide the typewheel with alphabets ofdifferent fonts of type, it is easy to divide the circumference of saidwheel into two, three, or more segments, each of which shall contain analphabet of a given font, style, or character of type, and to so applythe wheel that it can be adjusted with respect to its circumferentialset upon its shaft.

K, Figs. 1 and 12, is a segmental inking-pad, so set that in therotative movement of the type-wheel it serves to supply ink to the facesof the types. It is supported, as convenience of manufacture maydictate, preferably from the right-hand frame-plate, as shown in thefigures mentioned. The pad is of course either made in two parts orprovided with a transverse slot or opening in the part facing theplaten, so as not to interfere with the printing action of the types. Itis manifest that the pad K is, moreover, simply one of many contrivanceswhich may be employed for inking the types, and that it is equallypossible to ink them by rollers or other Wellknown devices, and alsopossible to dispense with all such devices and employ an inkingribbon,as commonly used in writing-machines.

Having now explained the devices by which the types are selected andbrought into action against the platen, it is proper to state that inconnection with them platens of va,

rious character and actuated to the requisite movement by variouscontrivances may be employed. As convenient for the purpose I havedevised the following contrivances, which are also set forth in myformer application.

M is what I term the platen-carrier, the same being composed of abase-bar of preferably rectangular cross-section, having upright endarms m, and which is mounted for longitudinal travel in either directionin a carrier-way N, which is a gutter-shaped device correspondingcross-sectionally t0 the form of the base-bar of the platen-carrier andfixed longitudinally of the machine, c011- venientlyby being connectedwith. the frameplates, as shown in Figs. 1, 8, 9, 12, and 13. Thebase-bar of the platen-carrier has upon its front face a rack m and itsarms m are each provided with avertical slot m, to which arerespectively adapted the respective extremities c c of the platen C, sothat said platen can be easily dropped into its carrier in such manneras to become temporarily a part thereof, or be easily lifted from outit. The longitudinal predetermined travel of the platen-carrier andplaten is occasioned by the action of an intermittently-operated pawl O,hereinafter described. The platen is preferably provided with angulartop and bottom ed es c 0 between which its face designated by the letterO,is a flat surface, against which the paper or other writing materiallies flat, and which receives the thrust or stroke of the types. Theextremities of the top and bottom edges of the platen are inturned toform, or otherwise conveniently provided With,lugs or ears 0 which,respectively, by being perforated, serve as the journal-bearings for atension roller 0 applied between the ears of the bottom edge of theplaten, and forafeed-roller 0 applied between the ears of the top edgeof the platen and convenientlyprovided with a thumb-knob 0 by the manualrotation of which the said feed-roller is rotated in order to occasionthe feed of the paper upon the platen transversely across the face ofsaid platen. Both the tension-roller and the feed roller bear closelyagainst the respective edges of the platen and serve to maintain thesurface of the paper taut against the face of said platen. Thefeed-roller is conveniently rubber-faced, so as to insure the requisitebite upon the paper.

In order to gage the transverse feed of the paper across the platen, Ifind it convenient to provide the extremity of the feed-roller op-Iposite to that which carries the thumb-knob with a guttered gage-disk c,the gutters c of which are simply peripheral notches, employed in anydesired series, into-Which successively enters and engages a lug c onthe extremity of a feed-roller spring 0 secured, as shown in Fig. 4, tothe platen. It is obvious that the foregoing contrivance willautomatically serve to guide the touch of the operator in his manualrotation of the feedroller and thereby conveniently and accuratelysecure a predetermined advance of the paper.

As already stated, the longitudinal intermittent travel of the platenand platen-carrier in the arrangement represented from the right to theleft hand of the machine is conveniently secured by the action of a pawlagainst the rack-provided face of the base of the platen-carrier. Thepawl may be actuated by many contrivances, and is preferably actuateddirect from the keys, conveniently, by the following connectivemechanism intermediate between it and said keys. P is, as stated, apawl-lever, the upper extremity of which in the oscillation of thehammer rockshaft and throw of the rocker-toe is deflected toward therear of the machine, so as to occasion the advance of the hammer-slidein its type-striking movement. The lower extremity of said lever bearsagainst the rear portion of or ispivotally or otherwise connected with apawl-carrier Q, the same being a slide bar housed for endwise movement,preferably in a horizontal plane and fromfront to rear of the machine,in a slide-bearing q, conveniently affixed to the inside face of therighthand frame-plate. To the rear portion of this pawl-carrier is, by avertical pivot (1,

pivoted a double-toothed platen-pawl O,

n the position shown in Fig. 10. The front portion of said carrier isconveniently encircled by a carrier-spring g which abuts between ashoulder g on the carrier and a resisting abutment g on the frame-plate.It will now be obvious that when the hammerslide is under the action ofthe rocker-toe advanced to occasion the striking of the type, the lowerextremity of the pawl-lever will be deflected toward the front of themachine in such manner as to occasion the backward movement of thepawl-carrier, the compression of the carrier-spring, and the removal ofthe platen-pawl from the rack-teeth, with which its extremities were, asshown in Fig. 11, engaged, until, under the influence of thepawl-spring, the pawl assumes the position shown in Fig. 10, and thattherefore during the period of the impression of the type upon the paperthe platen-carrier will be at rest and the platen-pawl angled intoposition necessary for the engagement of its inside tooth with the nextsucceeding rack-tooth in order to insure the requisite subsequentadvance of the platen carrier upon the retreat of the hammenslide underthe release of the typekey, and consequent redeflection of the pawl- ,7lever under the influence of the expansion of the pawl-carrier spring.In other words, upon the drop or redefiection of the rocker-toe in theascent of the key the recoil or expansion of'the spring g of thepawl-carrierwill occasion the advance of said pawl-carrier,wi1l, throughthe intervention of the platen-pawl occasion the consequent left-handadvance of the platen-carrier and platen, the redeflection of thepawl-lever, and the consequent retreat of the hammer-slide and hammer.

From a consideration of the foregoing mechanism it will be apparent thateach stroke or depression of a key is accompanied by a predeterminedlongitudinal advance of the platen, and consequently by a predeterminedlongitudinal feed of the paper trans-,

versely across the type-face of the type-wheel. When the platen-carrierand platen have completed their longitudinal travel to theleft'hand,'their return to their normal righthand position may beconveniently effected by'hand. The platen-pawl, as will be apparent froman inspection of Fig. 11, is provided with aheel or shoulder g, which,as the spring deflects the pawl, will abut against the pawlcarrier andserve to maintain the pawlin the inclined position represented in Fig.10, in which position it is upon the next backward movement of thepawl-carrier adapted to be engaged with the next tooth of the rack ofthe carrier.

The object of making the pawl double that is to say, of providing itwith two extremital teethis by the engagement of both of said teethsimultaneously with rack-teeth, as shown in Fig. 11, to prevent themovement of the platen-carrier in either direction and effectually tolock it in its then position. Of course the depression of either of thetwo spacing-keys D necessarily occasions the advance of the hammer, butthe type-wheel being during the depression of either of said keys at itsnormal position of rest is constructed either to then present to thehammer a portion of its type-carrying band which is unprovided with atype, and the outward radial thrust of which portion is consequentlywithout effect upon the paper, or else to present to said hammer simplyan opening through its rim not covered by said band.

The operation of a machine embodying the foregoing construction willnow, from the pre: ceding description of that construction, besufficiently understood' It is preferable to arrange the keys in adouble bank, staggering or alternating them bykeys of the respectivebanks, and making the keys of the front bank slightly lower than thoseof the rear, an arrangement easily accomplished by shortening the upperportion of the keys above the'keylugs.

It will be understood that, by the application of the shifting-keysalready referred to, it is possible to cause a given key to do duty forthe same letter in upper and lower case, or for given letters and givenpunctuation marks or numerals. Expedients of operation of this characterare obvious to those skilled in the use of this class of machine. It islikewise apparent that changes in the detail and arrangement ofmechanical construction of intermediate or connective mechanism and ofminor parts can be resorted to without departure from the invention,broadly, as such and as I have endeavored to explain it. v

If desired, the type-wheel and the typestriking and platen-actuatingmechanisms may be applied at the left-hand instead of at the right-handside of the machine. If desired also, the type-striking andplaten-actuating mechanism may, according to the set of the type-wheel,be applied to the inside instead of to the outside of eitherframe-plate,

while, as is also apparent, a paper carrying and supporting cage or rackmay be connected with the platen carrier to insure the support of thepaper. Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. In a type-writingmachine, the combination of a shaft provided with a position-plate, atype-Wheel carried by said shaft, and a sliding key rotating and lockingthe shaft by engagement with the position plate on both sides of theaxis of the shaft, substantially as described.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shaft provided with aposition-plate, a type-wheel carried by said shaft, a key movin gtransversely to said shaft and rot-atin and IIO locking the shaft byengagement with the po sition-plate on both sides of the axis of theshaft, and mechanism operated by the key to produce the impressionwithout movementof the type-Wheel, substantially as described.

3. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shaft provided with aposition-plate, a type-wheel carried by said shaft, a key movingtransversely to said shaft and rotating and locking the shaft byengagementwith the position-plate on both sides of the axis of the shaftto position the type-wheel, said key having a further movementindependent of the type-wheel after the type-wheel is positioned, and animpression mechanism operated by the further movement of the key,substantially as described.

4. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shaft provided with aposition-plate, a type-wheel carried by said shaft, a key movingtransversely to said shaft and rotating and locking the shaft byengagement with the position-plate on both sides of the axis of theshaft to position the type-wheel, said key having a further movementindependent of the type-wheel after the typewheel is positioned, andimpression and feeding mechanisms operated by the further movement ofthe key, substantially as described.

5. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shaft provided with aposition-plate, a type-wheel carried by said shaft, a key movingtransversely to said shaft and rotating and locking the shaft byengagement with the position-plate on both sides of the axis of theshaft to position the type-wheel, said key having a further movementafter the type wheel is positioned, a hammer operated by the furthermovement of the key, a papercarrier, and connections between the hammerand paper-carrier for feeding the latter, substantially as described.

6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shaft provided with aseries of position-plates, a corresponding series of keys movingtransversely to the shaft and rotating and locking said shaft byengagement with the position-plates on both sides of the axis of theshaft, the engaging surfaces of the different keys and position-platesvarying in inclination, a type-wheel carried by said shaft, andmechanism operated by the keys for producing the impression withoutmovement of the type-wheel, substantially as described.

7. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shaft provided with aseries of position-plates at varyinginclinations to the shaft, acorresponding series of keys moving transversely to the shaft androtating and locking said shaft by engagement with the positionplates onboth sides of the axis of the shaft, a type-Wheel carried by said shaft,and mechanism operated by the keys for producing the impression withoutmovement of the typewheel, substantially as described.

8. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a type-carrier, a shaftby the rotation of which the type-carrier is positioned and providedwith a position-plate extending on both sides of its axis, and a slidingmember moving transversely to and past said shaft and rotating the sameby engagement with the position-plate to position the type-carrier, saidposition-plate being normally at an angle to the line of movement of thesliding member, but parallel therewith and with the engaging surface ofthe sliding member when the typecarrier is positioned, substantially asdescribed.

9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of atypewvheel, a shaftcarrying the typewheel and provided with a position-plate extending onboth sides of its axis, and a sliding member moving transversely to andpast said shaft and rotating the same by engagement with theposition-plate to position the typewheel, said position -plate beingnormally at an angle to the line of movement of the sliding member, butparallel therewith and with the engaging surface of the sliding memberwhen the type-wheelis positioned, substantially as described. 7

10. In atype-writing machine, the combination of a type-wheel, a shaftcarrying the typewheel and provided with a position-plate extending onboth sides of its axis, and a sliding key moving transversely to andpast saidv shaft and rotating the same by engagement with theposition-plate to position the typewheel, said position-plate beingnormally at an angle to the line of movement of the key, but paralleltherewith and with the engaging surface of the key when the type-wheelis positioned for the impression of the type correspondingio the key,substantially as described.

11. In atype-writing machine, the combination of atype-wheel, ashaftcarrying the typewheel and provided with a position-plate extending onboth sides of its axis, a sliding member moving transversely to and pastsaid shaft and rotating the same by engagement with the position-plateto position the typewheel, said position-plate being normally at anangle to the line of movement of the sliding member, but paralleltherewith and with the engaging surface thereof when the typewheel ispositioned, and an impression mechanism operated by the further movementof the key after the type-wheel is positioned, substantially asdescribed.

12. In atype-writing machine, the combination of a type-Wheel, a shaftcarrying said typewheel and provided with a position-plate extending onboth sides of its axis, a sliding member moving transversely to andpastsaid shaft and rotating the same by engagement with theposition-plate to position the typewheel, said position-plate beingnormally at an angle to the line of movement of the sliding member, butparallel therewith and with the engaging surface thereof when thetypewheel is positioned, and impression and feedin g mech anismsoperated by the further move- IIO ment of the key after the type-wheelis positioned, substantially as described.

13. In a type-writing machine, the combination ofatypewvheel, a shaftcarryingsaid typewheel and provided with a series of positionplatesextending on both sides of its axis, and a corresponding series ofsliding members moving transversely to and past said shaft and rotatingthe same by engagement with the position-plates to position thetype-wheel, said position-plates being normally at different angles tothe line of movement of their re spective sliding members, but paralleltherewith and with the engaging surfaces thereof when the typewheel ispositioned for theimpression of the type co; responding to therespective sliding members, substantially as described.

14. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-wheel, ashaftcarryi-ng said typewheel and provided with a series ofpositionplates extending on both sides of its axis and at differentangles thereto, and a corresponding series of sliding members movingtransversely to and past said shaft and rotating the same by engagementwith the positionplates to position the type-wheel,said positionplatesbeing normally at different angles to the line of movement of theirrespective sliding members, but parallel therewith and with Y theengaging surfaces thereof when the type wheel is positioned for theimpression of the type corresponding to the respective slidingmembers,substantially as described.

15. In atype-writing machine, the combina tion of a type-wheel, ashaft'carryin g said typewheel and provided with a series ofpositionplates extending on both sides of its axis and at differentangles thereto, a corresponding series of sliding keys movingtransversely to and past said shaft and rotating the same by engagementwith the position-plates to position the type-wheel, saidposition-plates being normally at different angles to the line ofmovement of their respective keys, but parallel therewith and with theen gaging surfaces thereof when the type-wheel is positioned for theimpression of the type corresponding to the respective keys, and animpression mechanism operated by the further movement of a key after thetype-wheel is positioned, sub stantially as described.

16. .In a typcqvritin g machine, the combin ation of a type-wh eel, ashaft carrying'said typeseries of sliding keys moving transversely toand past said shaft and rotating the same by engagement with theposition-plates to position the type-wheel, said position-plates beingnormally at different angles to the line of movement of their respectivekeys, but parallel therewith and with the engaging surfaces thereof whenthe type-wheel is positioned for the impression of the typecorresponding to the respective sliding keys, and impression and feedingmechanisms operated by thefurther movement of a key after the type-wheelis positioned, substantially as described.

17. The combination of a type-wheel, a shaft carrying said type-wheeland provided with two series of position-plates extending transverselyto the shaft and placed on opposite sides of its axis, the plates ofeach series being set at varying angles to the shaft, and two series ofsliding keys moving transversely to and past said shaft and rotating thesame by engagement with the positionplates to position the type-wheel,said position-plates being normally at different angles to the line ofmovement of their respective keys, but parallel therewith and with theengagin g surfaces thereof when the type-wheel is positioned for theimpression of the type corresponding to the respective keys,substantially as described.

18. The combination, with type-wheel B, of shaft (Z, provided with oneor more series of pcsition plates d impression and feeding mechanisms,rock-shaft F, connected to and operating said mechanisms, bail f, bywhich the rock-shaft is operated, and one or more series of keys, as D,engaging said positionplates for positioning the type-wheel and engagingthe bail for the operation of the impression and feeding mechanismsafter the my'invention I hereunto sign my name this 1st day of July, A.D. 1889.

JACOBS V. SCIIUOKERS.

Witnesses:

JOHN J. BRADLEY, A. IloRnAcK;

